大学物理热学视角下高中物理热学板块研究
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许佳奕,郑洋昇
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1.广东机电职业技术学院，广东广州，510550；2.广东工商职业技术大学，广东肇庆，526020
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摘要：当前高中物理的热学部分，存在知识点讲得太简化，思考层面不够深入，和大学热学内容衔接不上等问题。针对这些问题，本文以大学热学的完整知识逻辑为参考角度，结合对比研究、实际调查和教学实践三种方法，从知识体系、数学工具、思考方式三个方面，分析了高中和大学热学在层次上的不同，也找出了高中热学教学里存在的认识局限和能力不足。研究发现，高中热学里没有重点讲理想模型的适用范围，统计物理的相关思路，还有过程量和状态量的根本区别。这些内容的弱化处理，是学生上大学后学不好热学的主要原因。根据这一结论，本文提出了分层次推进知识点学习，提前渗透相关思考方法的高中热学教学改进思路。还围绕“理想气体压强的微观解释”这一内容，开展了教学实践来验证思路的效果。结果显示，这种教学改进方式，能让学生更深入地理解热学知识点的根本含义，也能提高学生的科学推理能力和用微观角度解释现象的能力。
关健词：大学热学；高中物理热学；认识提升；教学过渡；核心素养 |
Research on the Thermology Section of High School Physics from the Perspective of Thermology of College Physics
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Jiayi Xu,Yangsheng Zheng
1.Guangdong Mechanical & Electrical Polytechnic,Guangzhou Guangdong 510550,China；
2.Guangdong Mechanical & Electrical Polytechnic,Zhaoqing Guangdong 526020,China
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Abstract：In the realm of high school physics, the thermology section often presents issues such as oversimplified explanations, lack of depth in reasoning, and inadequate alignment with university-level thermology. This study addresses these challenges by adopting the comprehensive knowledge framework of university thermodynamics, utilizing comparative analysis, empirical investigation, and pedagogical application to examine the disparities between high school and university thermodynamics in terms of knowledge structure, mathematical techniques, and cognitive approaches. The research reveals deficiencies in high school thermology instruction, particularly the neglect of practical applications of ideal models, concepts from statistical physics, and distinctions between process and state variables, which significantly hinders students' academic performance at the university level. Consequently, a hierarchical learning approach and early introduction of relevant cognitive strategies are proposed to enhance high school thermology education. A teaching intervention focusing on the "microscopic interpretation of ideal gas pressure" was conducted to validate the proposed instructional enhancement.The results demonstrate that this pedagogical enhancement approach facilitates students in achieving a more profound comprehension of the core concepts in thermology, while also boosting their scientific reasoning skills and their capacity to elucidate phenomena from a microscopic vantage point.
Keywords : University Thermology；High School Physics Thermology；Cognitive enhancement; Teaching transition；
Core literacy
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